05 Oct 08

S100B as an additional prognostic marker in subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage

Posted in Brain injury, Neuroprotection at 13:39 by Laci

By P Sanchez-Pena, A-R Pereira, N-A Sourour, A Biondi, L Lejean, C Colonne, A-L Boch, M Al Hawari, L Abdennour, L Puybasset

Crit Care Med 2008;36:2267-2273

Studies of new neuroprotective approaches in patients with subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage and better family information would benefit from the development of laboratory markers of brain ischemia. The goal of this study was to evaluate mean 15-day S100B for predicting outcomes after subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage.

Design
Single center prospective cohort with consecutive inclusions.

Setting
Anesthesiology and Critical Care Neurosurgical Unit of a university hospital.

Patients
One hundred nine patients admitted within 48 hrs after subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage onset and treated by surgical clipping or coiling within 48 hrs following admission.

Interventions
We recorded initial World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons and Fisher grades; comorbidities; initial severity; aneurysm location; presence of acute hydrocephalus; presence of intraventricular hemorrhage; initial seizures and neurogenic lung edema; initial troponin values; treatment of aneurysm; and occurrence of vasospasm.

Measurements and main results
S100B was assayed daily over the first 15 days. Glasgow Outcome Scores were recorded at intensive care unit discharge and after 6 and 12 months. The main outcome criterion was the 12-month Glasgow Outcome Scale score dichotomized as poor (Glasgow Outcome Scale 1-3) or good (Glasgow Outcome Scale 4-5). Seventy percent of patients had good 12-month outcome. Poor outcome was associated with higher initial World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons and Fisher scores, neurogenic lung edema, high mean 15-day S100B but not initial, troponin initial value, intraventricular hemorrhage, angiographically documented vasospasm, all in an univariate manner. After multivariate analysis, only mean 15-day S100B value significantly predicted outcome (p < 0.0005). The best cutoff for the mean 15-day S100B value was 0.23 [mu]g/L (specificity 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-0.95; sensitivity 0.91, 95% CI 0.75-0.98; area under the curve 0.98, 95% CI 0.87-0.99).

Conclusion
S100B elevation over the first 15 days after subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage is associated with poor outcome after subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage. This result supports the use of S100B as a surrogate marker for brain ischemia in patients with subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage.

10 Feb 06

Controversies in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Posted in Brain injury, Critical Care at 21:13 by Laci

By NS Naval, RD Stevens, MA Mirski, A Bhardwaj

Critical Care Medicine. 34(2):511-524

Background
The care of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has evolved significantly with the advent of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Although it is believed that these advances have contributed to improved outcomes, considerable uncertainty persists regarding key areas of management.

Objective
To review selected controversies in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, with a special emphasis on endovascular vs. surgical techniques for securing aneurysms, the diagnosis and therapy of cerebral vasospasm, neuroprotection, antithrombotic and anticonvulsant agents, cerebral salt wasting, and myocardial dysfunction, and to suggest venues for further clinical investigation.

Data Source
Search of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases and manual review of article bibliographies.

Data Synthesis and Conclusions
Many aspects of care in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remain highly controversial and warrant further resolution with hypothesis-driven clinical or translational research. It is anticipated that the rigorous evaluation and implementation of such data will provide a basis for improvements in short- and long-term outcomes.

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