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	<title>Anaesthesia - Critical Care Blog</title>
	<link>http://hollos.net</link>
	<description>This is a privately maintained site about anaesthesia and critical care. For more information see About page.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 17 Mar 2010 23:02:28 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<language>en</language>
	
	<item>
		<title>Sepsis biomarkers: a review</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By C Pierrakos and J-L Vincent
Critical Care 2010, 14:R15
Biomarkers can be useful for identifying or ruling out sepsis, identifying patients who may benefit from specific therapies or assessing the response to therapy.
Methods
We used an electronic search of the PubMed database using the key words &#8220;sepsis&#8221; and &#8220;biomarker&#8221; to identify clinical and experimental studies which evaluated [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/03/18/sepsis-biomarkers-a-review/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>A protocol of no sedation for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By T Strøm, T Martinussen, P Toft
The Lancet 2010;375:475-480
Standard treatment of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation is continuous sedation. Daily interruption of sedation has a benefi cial eff ect, and in the general intesive care unit of Odense University Hospital, Denmark, standard practice is a protocol of no sedation. We aimed to establish whether [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/03/16/a-protocol-of-no-sedation-for-critically-ill-patients-receiving-mechanical-ventilation/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Application of therapeutic hypothermia in the ICU. Part 1: Indications and evidence</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By K Polderman
Intensive Care Med 2004;30:556–575
Hypothermia has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. This paper reviews the current potential clinical applications for mild hypothermia (32–35oC).
Design and setting
Induced hypothermia is used mostly to prevent or attenuate neurological injury, and has been used to provide neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, stroke, and various [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/03/11/application-of-therapeutic-hypothermia-in-the-icu-part-1-indications-and-evidence/</link>
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		<title>Application of therapeutic hypothermia in the ICU. Part 2: Practical aspects and side effects</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By K Polderman
Intensive Care Med 2004;30:757–769
Induced hypothermia can be used to protect the brain from post-ischemic and traumatic neurological injury. Potential clinical applications and the available evidence are discussed in a separate paper. This review focuses on the practical aspects of cooling and physiological changes induced by hypothermia, as well as the potential side effects [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/03/11/application-of-therapeutic-hypothermia-in-the-icu-part-2-practical-aspects-and-side-effects/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By D Backer, P Biston, J Devriendt, C Madl, D Chochrad, C Aldecoa et al for the SOAP II Investigators
NEJM 2010;362:779-789
Both dopamine and norepinephrine are recommended as first-line vasopressor agents in the treatment of shock. There is a continuing controversy about whether one agent is superior to the other.
Methods
In this multicenter, randomized trial, we assigned [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/03/09/comparison-of-dopamine-and-norepinephrine-in-the-treatment-of-shock/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events in a general population screened for a low ankle brachial index</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By F Fowkes, J Price, M Stewart, I Butcher, G Leng, A Pell, P Sandercock, K Fox, G Lowe, G Murray for the Aspirin for Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis Trialists
JAMA. 2010;303:841-848
A low ankle brachial index (ABI) indicates atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Screening for a low ABI can identify an asymptomatic higher risk [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/03/09/aspirin-for-prevention-of-cardiovascular-events-in-a-general-population-screened-for-a-low-ankle-brachial-index/</link>
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		<title>Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By Ankle Brachial Index Collaboration
JAMA. 2008;300:197-208
Prediction models to identify healthy individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease have limited accuracy. A low ankle brachial index (ABI) is an indicator of atherosclerosis and has the potential to improve prediction.
Objective
To determine if the ABI provides information on the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality independently of the Framingham [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/03/08/ankle-brachial-index-combined-with-framingham-risk-score-to-predict-cardiovascular-events-and-mortality/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Venous thromboembolism &#8211; reducing the risk</title>
		<description><![CDATA[NICE clinical guideline CG92
This guidance is about the care and treatment of people who are at risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) while in hospital in the NHS in England and Wales.
The advice in the NICE guideline covers the care and treatment that should be offered to all adults (aged 18 and over) who [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/02/24/venous-thromboembolism-reducing-the-risk/</link>
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		<title>Atomised lidocaine for airway topical anaesthesia in the morbidly obese: 1% compared with 2%</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By C Woodruff , P Wieczorek, T Schricker, B Vinet and S Backman
Anaesthesia 2010;65:12-17
Airway anaesthesia using atomised lidocaine for awake oral fibreoptic intubation in morbidly obese patients was evaluated using two doses of local anaesthetic. In this randomised, blinded prospective study, 40 ml of atomised 1% (n = 11) or 2% (n = 10) lidocaine was administered with high [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/02/02/atomised-lidocaine-for-airway-topical-anaesthesia-in-the-morbidly-obese-1-compared-with-2/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Recently published papers: Renal support in acute kidney injury &#8211; is low dose the new high dose?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By Y Syed J Tomlinson and L Forni
Critical Care 2009, 13:1014
Despite 21st century definitions, the management of acute kidney injury remains steadfastly rooted in the 20th century with treatment being principally supportive. Protection from potential causative agents is an essential part of management and to that end protection against contrast-induced nephropathy has received yet more [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/31/recently-published-papers-renal-support-in-acute-kidney-injury-is-low-dose-the-new-high-dose/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Smoking, smoking cessation and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By Y Hsin-Chieh, B Duncan,  M Schmidt, N Wang F Brancati
Ann Int Med 2010;152:10-17
Cigarette smoking is an established predictor of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the effects of smoking cessation on diabetes risk are unknown.
Objective
To test the hypothesis that smoking cessation increases diabetes risk in the short term, possibly owing to cessation-related weight gain.
Design
Prospective [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/22/smoking-smoking-cessation-and-risk-for-type-2-diabetes-mellitus/</link>
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		<title>Predicting dead space ventilation in critically ill patients using clinically available data</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By D Frankenfield, S Alam, E Bekteshi, R Vender
Crit Care Med 2010;38:288-291
To develop and validate an equation to predict dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt) from clinically available data in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients.
Design
Prospective, observational study using a convenience sample of patients whose arterial blood gas and respiratory gas exchange had been measured [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/20/predicting-dead-space-ventilation-in-critically-ill-patients-using-clinically-available-data/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy in critically ill patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By The RENAL Replacement Therapy Study Investigators
NEJM 2009;361:1627-1638
The optimal intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy remains unclear. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to compare the effect of this therapy, delivered at two different levels of intensity, on 90-day mortality among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.
Methods
We randomly assigned critically ill adults with acute kidney [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/18/intensity-of-continuous-renal-replacement-therapy-in-critically-ill-patients/</link>
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		<title>Hemodynamic variables and mortality in cardiogenic shock: a retrospective cohort study</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By CTorgersen, C Schmittinger, S Wagner, H Ulmer, J Takala, S Jakob and M Dünser
Critical Care 2009, 13:R157
Despite the key role of hemodynamic goals, there are few data addressing the question as to which hemodynamic variables are associated with outcome or should be targeted in cardiogenic shock patients. The aim of this study was to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/17/hemodynamic-variables-and-mortality-in-cardiogenic-shock-a-retrospective-cohort-study/</link>
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		<title>Searching for an ideal hemodynamic marker to predict short-term outcome in cardiogenic shock</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By M Yilmaz and A Mebazaa
Critical Care 2009, 13:1013
Cardiogenic shock is a lethal condition. Physicians are searching for hemodynamic markers which could help risk-stratification of patients in this picture. Torgersen and coworkers present an hourly time integral of the cardiac power index and cardiac index drops to predict outcomes in the setting of cardiogenic shock. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/17/searching-for-an-ideal-hemodynamic-marker-to-predict-short-term-outcome-in-cardiogenic-shock/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>A new miniaturized system for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult respiratory failure</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By T Muller, A Philipp, A Luchner, C Karagiannidis, T Bein, M Hilker, L Rupprecht,  J Langgartner, M Zimmermann et al
Critical Care 2009, 13:R205
Mortality of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults is still unacceptably high. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could represent an important treatment option, if complications were reduced by new technical developments.
Methods
Efficiency, side [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/15/a-new-miniaturized-system-for-extracorporeal-membrane-oxygenation-in-adult-respiratory-failure/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Ten reasons why we should NOT use severity scores as entry criteria for clinical trials or in our treatment decisions</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By J-L Vincent, S Opal and J Marshall
Crit Care Med 2010;38:283-287
Severity scores such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II have been advocated as entry criteria for clinical trials and in clinical decision-making. We present ten reasons why we believe this approach is not appropriate and may even be detrimental.
Data sources
Available relevant literature from [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/15/ten-reasons-why-we-should-not-use-severity-scores-as-entry-criteria-for-clinical-trials-or-in-our-treatment-decisions/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By R Prondzinsky, H Lemm, M Swyter, N Wegener, S Unverzagt et al
Crit Care Med 2010;38:152-160
Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock (CS) are often treated with intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation (IABP), even though the evidence to support this is limited. We determined whether IABP as an addition to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/09/intra-aortic-balloon-counterpulsation-in-patients-with-acute-myocardial-infarction-complicated-by-cardiogenic-shock/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Phase 2 trial of eritoran tetrasodium (E5564), a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, in patients with severe sepsis</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By M Tidswell, W Tillis, S LaRosa, M Lynn, A Wittek, R Kao, J Wheeler, J Gogate, S Opal, the Eritoran Sepsis Study Group
Crit Care Med 2010;38:72-83
Endotoxin is a potent stimulus of proinflammatory response and systemic coagulation in patients with severe sepsis. Endotoxin is a component of Gram-negative bacteria that triggers an innate immune response [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/05/phase-2-trial-of-eritoran-tetrasodium-e5564-a-toll-like-receptor-4-antagonist-in-patients-with-severe-sepsis/</link>
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		<title>Primary influenza viral pneumonia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[By Jordi Rello and Aurora Pop-Vicas
Critical Care 2009, 13:235
Primary influenza pneumonia has a high mortality rate during pandemics, not only in immunocompromised individuals and patients with underlying comorbid conditions, but also in young, healthy adults. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms that progress quickly [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://hollos.net/2010/01/03/primary-influenza-viral-pneumonia/</link>
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